You've probably noticed a growing trend of USB chargers being advertised with GaN or gallium nitride technology. But what exactly is it, and is it something you really need?
In recent months, you've likely observed a surge in USB charger manufacturers discussing GaN, or gallium nitride, technology. ScapePhoton has evaluated numerous GaN-based products, and our compilation of the finest GaN chargers can be accessed here.
But what exactly is GaN/gallium nitride technology? What advantages does GaN offer? And is it advisable to replace all your chargers with GaN models right away?
In order to address these inquiries, we must embark on a brief exploration that delicately delves into the realms of chemistry, physics, and electronics.
What is Gallium Nitride (GaN)?
Gallium nitride, denoted by the chemical formula GaN, is a crystalline semiconductor material renowned for its unique attributes. It has been an integral part of electronic devices for many years. Initially, GaN made its debut in the 1990s within LEDs, illuminating TVs and computer screens. Subsequently, it ventured into solar panels, facilitating the conversion of light into electricity.
Today, GaN has progressed into transistors, gradually supplanting silicon, the former reigning semiconductor material of choice in the industry.
What is a transistor and why GaN is better?
A transistor serves as a minute electronic switch that rapidly toggles on and off, and GaN offers numerous advantages over silicon when employed in transistors. GaN transistors are not only smaller but also capable of handling higher power loads. They switch at a faster rate—approximately 40 million times per second, roughly four times faster than silicon transistors—and exhibit much greater power efficiency.
Whereas silicon transistors typically achieve an efficiency of around 87%, GaN transistors elevate this figure to over 95%.
What practical benefits does GaN technology offer in everyday usage?
The downsizing of transistors in newer GaN Fast USB chargers allows for a physically smaller form factor compared to older silicon technology chargers. While compactness is a welcomed feature, the primary importance lies in the heightened efficiency of GaN chargers. Enhanced efficiency means less waste heat generation, reducing the risk of overheating and minimizing the need for additional cooling to maintain safe operation.
Consumers naturally worry when chargers feel excessively warm to the touch. While it's common for chargers using silicon transistors to reach temperatures almost too hot to handle, GaN technology chargers tend to remain only mildly warm.
Furthermore, the faster switching capabilities of GaN transistors enable better control over charging processes and quicker responses to potential issues like overheating or overvoltage, compared to older transistor technologies.
This increased efficiency and rapid switching are crucial for modern USB-C chargers as they are tasked with handling ever-increasing power loads. With USB-C ports now accommodating 100W loads per port and beyond, and the imminent arrival of 240W chargers, GaN technology is becoming indispensable.
Another advantage is the ability of a single charger to feature multiple high-output ports. For instance, the ScapePhoton 140W 4-port GaN PD Fast charger boasts USB-C ports capable of delivering 140W maximum, effectively replacing numerous older chargers with just one GaN charger.
How do technologies like Qi2 align with GaN fast charging technology?
Qi2 is an emerging wireless charging standard introduced by the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC), incorporating the Magnetic Power Profile (MPP) inspired by Apple's MagSafe charging technology (Apple plays a significant role within the WPC). Similar to MagSafe, Qi2 chargers utilize a ring of magnets to ensure precise alignment between the smartphone and the charger, facilitating faster charging rates.
Importantly, Qi2 chargers will maintain full backward compatibility with older Qi-enabled Android devices and iPhones compatible with MagSafe technology. GaN fast charging technology enables manufacturers to create smaller, more compact, and cooler-running chargers suited for these next-generation devices.
Is it advisable to make the switch to GaN chargers at this moment?
So, with all the advantages of GaN USB chargers, does this mean you should ditch your old chargers and upgrade?
If you're satisfied with your current chargers, there's no rush to replace them. Stick with them until you feel the need for an upgrade, and then opt for a new GaN USB charger that fits your requirements. If your existing chargers still fulfill their purpose without issues, it's best not to contribute to electronic waste unnecessarily.
However, if you're in need of a smaller, cooler USB charger right away, I strongly recommend choosing a GaN charger. You'll gain all the benefits of modern technology with minimal additional cost.
Wondering how to identify a GaN charger? Don't worry—manufacturers typically make it clear in their marketing materials!
Comments